考研英语黄皮书|【考研英语】同源文详解254期：数字支付的时代，现金仍有意义

_本文原题：【考研英语】同源文详解254期：数字支付的时代，现金仍有意义
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原文期刊：The Guardian《卫报》
原文标题：
Don' t give up cash yet: there' s a value to seeing what you spend
本文来源2020.02.22 The Guardian《卫报》Don' t give up cash yet: there' s a value to seeing what you spend（不要抛弃现金：看到多少钱被花掉也很重要）。主题：尽管无障碍支付技术带来众多方便，但也限制了我们的选择。使用现金支付、接受些许不舒适，不仅符合人的天性，还能让我们支付时更谨慎。
脉络:
引入话题：使用现金支付颇有益处（第一段）——分析“使用现金支付时花钱少”的原因（第二段）——分析无障碍支付技术的影响（第三、四段）——作者提出建议（第五、六段）
Part 1
原文
I The other day, New York’s city council voted to make it illegal for businesses to refuse payment in cash. The move was mainly intended to benefit people without bank accounts or credit cards. But the rest of us have reason to be grateful, too—because study after study shows we spend more when we pay with a card. Certain wires get crossed in our brains, it seems, and we confuse how easy it is to pay for something with how easily we can afford it.
II Part of the explanation is that credit cards postpone the unpleasantness of actually paying until the bill arrives. But research on debit cards and digital wallets points to the more intriguing phenomenon of psychological distance: cash just feels more immediately real, and losing it feels more painful. Of course, coins and notes are “virtual”, too, in the sense that they only have any value thanks to a web of laws and agreements. But they retain a crucial component of concreteness, demonstrated most clearly by the fact that if you set fire to a ￡20 note, you really are ￡20 worse off. It’s much harder to feel so possessive about digital information. And contactless payment? That barely seems more real than simply thinking about making a purchase.
III Worryingly, no research has so far suggested that this unreality effect is diminishing as we grow accustomed to a cashless world. Instead, frictionless payment is embedding itself as a prime case of what has been called “the tyranny of convenience”, whereby technology makes it easier to get what we desire (the fancy new headphones we’ve been coveting, say) but harder to be the kind of person we would rather be (who can manage without fancy headphones). In the useful phrase of the philosopher Harry Frankfurt, it undermines our capacity to “want what we want to want”.
IV A slightly more down-to-earth way of putting it is just that we’re each a bundle of different, often contradictory desires—and it’s no surprise, nor necessarily even cause for condemnation, that businesses focus on stimulating the ones they can milk for profit.
V This does mean that, as technology continues to smooth our daily lives, we shall increasingly need to develop a taste for friction, for discovering that very particular, bracing sort of pleasure that comes from embracing minor discomforts—like making yourself dig through your bag for some actual cash—rather than always seeking to eliminate them.分页标题
VI This is a close cousin of another taste that is equally worth developing: the miserly joy of not buying something that would have made you happy—because it makes you even happier to deny some corporation the chance to relieve you of your money.
Part 2
词汇短语
1. cross wires发生电话线路交扰
2. intriguing [?n?tri?ɡ??] a.引起兴趣的
3. concreteness [?kɑ?nkritn?s] n.实在性
4. frictionless payment 无障碍支付
5. embed [?m?bed] v.把……嵌入
6. prime [pra?m] a.最好的
7. undermine [??nd??ma?n] v.暗中破坏
8. relieve...of...帮助……摆脱……
9. virtual [?v??t?u?l] a.虚拟的
10. tyranny [?t?r?ni] n.暴政
11. covet [?k?v?t] v.觊觎
12. bracing [?bre?s??] a.令人振奋的
miserly [?ma?z?li a.吝啬的
Part 3
翻译点评
I The other day, New York’s city council voted to make it illegal for businesses to refuse payment in cash. The move was mainly intended to benefit people without bank accounts or credit cards. But the rest of us have reason to be grateful, too—because study after study shows we spend more when we pay with a card. Certain wires get crossed in our brains, it seems, and we confuse how easy it is to pay for something with how easily we can afford it.
[翻译] 日前，纽约市议会表决认定，商家拒绝现金支付的行为不合法。此举主要意在惠及那些没有银行账户或信用卡的人。但我们其他人也有理由心怀感激——因为一项又一项的研究显示，我们在刷卡支付时花费得更多。我们的大脑看似发生了线路串扰，让我们把付款有多轻松和买得有多轻易混为一谈。
[点评] 引入话题：使用现金支付时花钱少。
主要逻辑衔接：段内各句语义层层递进（市议会决议—主要受益者—其他受益者—获益原因）， But体现转折和强调，凸显纽约市的新举措对有银行账户的人也颇有好处。首句先介绍纽约市议会认定“商家拒收现金支付的行为”非法，第二句介绍认定其非法意在使无银行账户的人们受益，随后第三、四句转而指出此举对有银行账户的人也有益处，并说明原因。
核心关键词：we spend more when we pay with a card
II Part of the explanation is that credit cards postpone the unpleasantness of actually paying until the bill arrives. But research on debit cards and digital wallets points to the more intriguing phenomenon of psychological distance: cash just feels more immediately real, and losing it feels more painful. Of course, coins and notes are “virtual”, too, in the sense that they only have any value thanks to a web of laws and agreements. But they retain a crucial component of concreteness, demonstrated most clearly by the fact that if you set fire to a ￡20 note, you really are ￡20 worse off. It’s much harder to feel so possessive about digital information. And contactless payment? That barely seems more real than simply thinking about making a purchase.
[翻译]部分原因是，信用卡将实际付款的不快推迟到账单收到之时。但有关借记卡和数字钱包的研究却表明一个更有趣的“心理距离”现象：现金的确令人更感贴近真实，而失去现金则令人更感痛惜。当然，硬币和钞票也是“虚拟”的，因为它们的价值仅因一整套错综复杂的法律和协定而存。但它们却保有有形实体这一关键要素，最明显的表现就是，如果你点燃一张20英镑的钞票，你就的确会少拥有20英镑。对于数字信息就很难有如此强烈的占有感。那么无接触支付呢？它看起来几乎不比单纯思考要买什么更真实。分页标题
[点评]分析原因。
主要逻辑衔接：the explanation is that...与上段体现“提出现象—分析原因”的论述逻辑。段内多次复现现金与其他支付方式的对比（credit cards/debit cards/digital wallets VS cash/coins/notes），明确本段关注的话题。首句先给出“用卡支付花钱多”的一般原因，第二句转而指出更根本的原因：现金让人更感真实；第三句退而承认现金的虚拟性，第四句转而指出现金区别于其他交换媒介的关键要素——保有实体。末三句进一步交代数字信息和电子支付的“非真实性” 。
核心关键词：cash just feels more immediately real
III Worryingly, no research has so far suggested that this unreality effect is diminishing as we grow accustomed to a cashless world. Instead, frictionless payment is embedding itself as a prime case of what has been called “the tyranny of convenience”, whereby technology makes it easier to get what we desire (the fancy new headphones we’ve been coveting, say) but harder to be the kind of person we would rather be (who can manage without fancy headphones). In the useful phrase of the philosopher Harry Frankfurt, it undermines our capacity to “want what we want to want”.
[翻译]令人担忧的是，至今尚无研究显示这种非真实效应会随着我们逐渐适应无现金世界而减弱。相反，无障碍支付正（逐渐）被奠定为所谓“便利暴政”的典型例证，即科技让我们更易获得想要之物（好比我们垂涎的新款奢华耳机），却让我们更难成为想要成为之人（即使没有奢华耳机也可以）。用哲学家哈里·法兰克福一句实用的话说，它削弱了我们“想要获取我们所想要事物”的能力。
[点评] 分析无障碍支付技术的影响。
主要逻辑衔接：this unreality effect回指上段末句barely seems more real than simply thinking about making a purchase实现段际衔接， Worryingly体现作者态度：电子支付的非真实效应造成的后果令人担忧。首句先指出无障碍支付让支付毫无真实感这一效果，并没有随着我们对无现金世界的适应而有所减弱，第二句Instead体现语义强调，指出无障碍支付典型地体现了“便捷的专制”——只为某些欲望的实现提供方便，阻碍其他或许更好的想法的执行，末句In the useful phrase...体现对前一句的进一步阐释，引用哲学家名言，说明科技削弱了我们实现不同欲望的能力。
核心关键词：the tyranny of convenience
IV A slightly more down-to-earth way of putting it is just that we’re each a bundle of different, often contradictory desires—and it’s no surprise, nor necessarily even cause for condemnation, that businesses focus on stimulating the ones they can milk for profit.
[翻译]用稍朴实一些的话说就是，我们每个人都是诸多不同、且常常互相矛盾的欲望集合体——我们无需惊讶于（更没必要为此而谴责）商家们着力刺激那些可以任其榨取利润的欲望。
[点评]进一步分析影响。
主要逻辑衔接：down?to?earth way of putting it...呼应上段末句In the useful phrase of the philosopher... 。前半句首先解释上段所引的哲学家名言， a bundle of different, often contradictory desires凸显我们的欲望之多且复杂（便捷仅是其中之一），破折号及and体现因果链接，后半句说明商家利用此特点，刺激那些可以任其榨取利益的欲望（如便捷），而尽可能压迫其余的欲望（如节制）。 it' s no...nor...体现作者对商家此类行为的客观态度。
核心关键词：①a bundle of different, often contradictory desires；②stimulating the ones they can milk for profit 分页标题
V This does mean that, as technology continues to smooth our daily lives, we shall increasingly need to develop a taste for friction, for discovering that very particular, bracing sort of pleasure that comes from embracing minor discomforts—like making yourself dig through your bag for some actual cash—rather than always seeking to eliminate them.
[翻译]这确实意味着，随着科技持续顺滑我们的日常生活，我们将越来越需要培养对“障碍”的喜好，对“体味些许不适所带来的那种特别而又有点令人振奋的快乐（好比让你从包里翻找出来一些现金）而不是试图消除这些不适”的喜好。
[点评]提出建议：培养对不舒适的爱好。
主要逻辑衔接：This回指上段that we' re...desires ， This does mean that...体现与上段前半句的因果逻辑，段内...rather than...体现正误对比。本段中作者提出建议：在科技持续刺激我们对舒适便捷的欲望之时，我们越发要培养对障碍和不舒适的爱好，而不能总是试图消除一切不便。
核心关键词：①develop a taste for friction；②embracing minor discomforts
VI This is a close cousin of another taste that is equally worth developing: the miserly joy of not buying something that would have made you happy—because it makes you even happier to deny some corporation the chance to relieve you of your money.
[翻译]另一种“近亲”喜好值得培养，即，吝啬的快乐（拒绝购买令你开心之物所带来的快乐）——因为不给某商家赚你钱的机会令你更开心。
[点评]提出另一相关建议。
主要逻辑衔接：joy of not buying something that would have made you happy呼应上段pleasure that comes from embracing minor discomforts ，段内because体现因果链接。本段作者提出另一条建议：培养对“吝啬”之喜悦的爱好。 miserly joy体现矛盾修辞，强调不买喜欢之物虽然“吝啬” ，但不轻易让商家从我们身上赚钱会让我们更感快乐。
核心关键词：miserly joy

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