17、d and a construction site in the passage? A) To argue that sites that have been affected by human activity tend to be colonized slowly B) To illustrate the kind of sites that may be invaded by weeds C) To contrast sites in terms of their suitability for colonization D) To explain that exposing or co 。

18、mpacting the soil results in successful colonization 4. The word “despite in the passage is closest in meaning to A) without B) almost never C) even though D) perhaps 5. Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choice 。

19、s change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information. A) The seeds of pioneer species are usually carried by the wind to fertile sites, where they reproduce very efficiently. B) Pioneer species are successful invaders because they produce lots of seeds that are dispersed effecti 。

20、vely. C) Pioneer species produce their largest numbers of propagules during the earliest stages of their colonization. D) Pioneer species reproduce very quickly and efficiently because they produce very large number of seeds. 6. What can be inferred from paragraph 3 about the reason that large seeds 。

21、 are dispersed by birds or small animals rather than by wind? A) Large seeds are easier for birds and animals to see than are the small seeds dispersed by the wind. B) Large seeds are too heavy for the wind to disperse. C) Large seeds cannot be eaten by birds and animals. D) Large seeds are short-li 。

22、ved and thus require a more efficient means of dispersal than small seeds do. 7. The phrase “the latter adaptation in the passage refers to A) producing fewer seeds B) producing larger seeds C) dispersal by birds and small mammals D) producing long-lived seeds 8. The word “viable in the passage is c 。

23、losest in meaning to A) able to survive B) individual C) large D) remaining 9. The example of the 100-year-old Douglas fir/western hemlock forest in paragraph to illustrates which of the following ideas? A) It is uncommon for older seed to germinate. B) Pioneer species tend to prefer forest floors f 。

24、or colonization purposes. C) Long-lived seeds of pioneer species can successfully germinate over long periods of time. D) Coastal British Columbia is particularly suited for pioneer species to develop. 10. According to paragraph 4, how do plants manage to germinate in areas with great climatic diver 。

25、sity and climatic extremes? A) By producing seeds only during favorable climatic conditions B) By generating large numbers of seeds C) By colonizing only those areas where other plants have survived D) By producing seeds that have a wide range of germination dates 11. The word “abundant in the passa 。

26、ge is closest in meaning to A) new B) improved C) suitable D) plentiful 12. According to paragraph 5, which of the following determines the sequence in which plant species will colonize a site? A) The extent of growth of a species on a prior site before it begins to colonize a secondary site B) The。

27、differences in invasion and growth rates across species C) The degree of fertility of a site D) The kind of disturbance that the site has undergone 13. Look at the four squares that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage. They require relatively little protection or nutr 。

28、ients. Where does the sentence best fit? 14. Prose Summary The ecology of a site is changed through its colonization by new plants that arrive and grow there. Answer Choices: A) The species that first colonize a disturbed site are typically ones that produce a large number of efficiently dispersed s 。

29、eeds. B) Plants that cannot successfully compete with other species can invade and colonize a site only if it is fertile and moist, such as a plowed field. C) Pioneer species arrive at a site first but have lower survival rates than do species that arrive later. D) Producing seeds that germinate at。

30、various times over long periods allows some plants to colonize sites that only occasionally present the right conditions for growth. E) Large, long-lived seeds tend to result in large seed banks with short germination periods requiring favorable environmental conditions for development. F) The succe 。

31、ssive appearance and disappearance of species on a site is a result of variation in species rates of invasion, growth, and survival. 托福阅读TPO31真题Part2原文及答案【含翻译】 Siam, 1851 1910 In the late nineteenth century, political and social changes were occurring rapidly in Siam (now Thailand). The old ruling f 。

32、amilies were being displaced by an evolving centralized government. These families were pensioned off (given a sum of money to live on) or simply had their revenues taken away or restricted;
their sons were enticed away to schools for district officers, later to be posted in some faraway province;

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标题：托福|托福阅读TPO31真题原文及答案( 二 )