高度散光是怎么回事？有哪些更好的矫正方案？( 二 )

如何矫正
高度散光只能矫正，不能治愈。角膜的高度散光通常在 2岁左右就固定了 [8] 。因此不要寄希望于食物、框架眼镜、视觉训练、针灸按摩、药物等降低角膜的散光度数。
孩子3岁时如果裸眼视力不到0.3、矫正视力不到0.5 ，则必须戴镜矫正高度散光。
5岁之前，可以选择戴框架眼镜来矫正高度散光。矫正的目标是戴镜视力达到0.5以上、近立体视降到100弧秒以内。
5岁之后开始戴RGP [9]——一种硬的隐形眼镜，在国外更普遍。 RGP带来比框架眼镜更高的视力和更精致的视觉质量，适合学龄儿童。矫正的目标是戴镜视力达到1.0、近立体视降到40弧秒以内。
18岁可以接受角膜屈光手术或者眼内植入人工晶体。
参考文献：
1. Astigmatism in school students of eastern China: prevalence, type, severity and associated risk factors. BMC Ophthalmol. 2020 Apr 19;20(1):155.
2. Prevalence of high astigmatism in children aged 3 to 6 years in Guangxi, China. Optom Vis Sci. 2014 Apr;91(4):390-6.
3. Refractive Error in Chinese Preschool Children: The Shanghai Study. Eye Contact Lens. 2019 May;45(3):182-187.
4. Heritability of Corneal Curvature and Pentacam Topometric Indices: A Population-Based Study. Eye Contact Lens. 2019 Nov;45(6):365-371.
5. Pediatric Keratoconus in a Tertiary Referral Center: Incidence, Presentation, Risk Factors, and Treatment. J Refract Surg. 2016 Aug 1;32(8):534-41.
6. Reading Fluency in School-Aged Children with Bilateral Astigmatism. Optom Vis Sci. 2016 Feb;93(2):118-25.
7. A preliminary study of astigmatism and early childhood development. J AAPOS. 2018 Aug;22(4):294-298.
8. Developmental changes in anterior corneal astigmatism in Tohono O'odham Native American infants and children. Ophthalmic Epidemiol. 2013 Apr;20(2):102-8.
【高度散光是怎么回事？有哪些更好的矫正方案？】 9. The level of improvement of visual acuity in high corneal astigmatism with rigid gas permeable contact lenses. Coll Antropol. 2015 Mar;39(1):229-32.