英语翻译学习者要懂的词汇替换工具我们都知道在英文表达中有一个加分的小

导读

我们都知道在英文表达中有一个加分的小技巧，就是“词汇替换”。那么在替换词汇上有哪些好用的方法呢？下面我们就手把手地来教你~

英文写作/翻译中一个重要原则就是避免重复，同义词替换。中文重重复，英语重变化。

如果段首句这么写：第一段sth. is important，第二段sth. is also important，第三段sth. is important too，这样的句子出现在作文中，立意、逻辑再高深，成绩也不可能高。

无论什么类型的英文写作，在一篇文章里面，特别是相邻比较近的地方，尽量不要使用相同的字词。除非像冠词、代词、连词、介词，助动词，情态动词这样的虚词。

这一点在英语中很容易实现，因为英语同义词，近义词数量极其庞大，但是替换的时候最好使用自己对于确切含义、用法、搭配、褒义贬义，比较有把握的词汇。

替换有很多类型，比如最简单的对单个词的替换（以下例句均出自《新概念英语》）：

There is only onedifference between an old man and a young one: the young man has a

glorious

future before him and the old one has a

splendid

future behind him: and maybe that is where the rubis. (NCE4-5)

Economy is one powerfulmotive for camping, since after the initial

outlay

uponequipment, or through hiring it, the total

expense

can be far lessthan the

cost

of hotels. (NCE4-47)

Although mankind hasundergone no general

improvement

inintelligence or morality, it has made extraordinary

progress

inthe accumulation of knowledge. Knowledge began to increase as soon as thethoughts of one individual could be communicated to another by means of speech.With the invention of writing, a great

advance

was made, forknowledge could then be not only communicated but also stored. (NCE4-22)

替换时思路要灵活，这种替换不仅仅限于单个词，有时候可能是短语的替换：有些时候它们的词性和搭配完全不同，但表达的意思却非常类似，比如以下的例句：

Burglar alarms goingoff

at any time of the day or night

serve only toannoy passers-by and actually assist burglars to burgle. Car alarms

constantly

scream at us in the street and are a source of profoundirritation. A recent survey of the effects of noise revealed (surprisingly?)that dogs barking

incessantly

in the nightrated the highest form of noise pollution on a scale ranging from 1 to 7. (NCE3-47)

Children alwaysappreciate

small gifts of money

. Mum or dad, of course,provide a regular supply of

pocket money

, but unclesand aunts are always a source of

extra income

. (NCE3-15)

Kidnappers

are rarely interested in

animals, but they recently

took considerable interest in

Mrs. Eleanor Ramsay"s cat. (NCE3-19)

Except for one or twoplaces such as Zermatt and Chamonix, which had rapidly become popular, Alpinevillage

tended to

be impoverished settlements cut offfrom civilization by the high mountains. Such inns as there were were

generally

dirty and flea-ridden; the food simply local cheeseaccompanied by bread often twelve months old, all washed down with coarse wine. (NCE4-3

)

A Frenchman, forinstance, might

find it hard to laugh at

a Russian joke. Inthe same way, a Russian might

fail to see anything amusing in

a joke witch would make an Englishman laugh to tears. (NCE3-29)

It isimpossible to give a satisfactory explanation for

a pot-holer"s motives. For him, caves have thesame peculiar fascination which high mountains have for the climber. Theyarouse instincts which

can only be dimly understood

. (NCE3-42)

此外，如果实在同义词替换不了，还可以用上义词（superordinate）替换，比如我在示范的GRE Argument作文中给出的片段：

Moreover, in the past two years other nearbycities may have begun to build similar

golf courses

resort hotels

. Indeed, the fact that Ocean View has alreadybuilt these

facilities

might actually portendfailure for Hopewell, …（“facilities”已经包含了“golf courses”和“resort hotels”的含义）

再看下面的例子：

The

lorry

was loaded withempty beer bottles and hundreds of them slid off the back of the

vehicle

and on to the road. (NCE3-33)

Giant pandas

are considered a national treasure and the Chinese government are doing theirbest to protect this

endangered species

同义词替换这个工作在平时练笔的时候就要有意识地注意，如果替换时没有把握最好借助软件或电子字典的帮助。

下面看看具体怎么使用：

首先可以借助word这个软件。比如A is very important. 要替换important这个字，可以用鼠标左键先把important刷黑，点击右键，再选同义词即可（见下图）。这是最简单的方法，但效果一般，没有解释，只能给你一个提示。

或者可以借助lingoes（灵格斯词霸），同时下载安装好Roget"s II: The NewThesaurus 英语同义词词典，比如同样查important 的同义词，输入important回车，在左侧字典列表中选择Roget"s II: The New Thesaurus，即可（见下图），也可以点击某个同义词反查含义。

另外一个工具就是韦氏电子字典:

首先选择同义词字典Thesaurus:

然后输入查询important, 同样可以点击单词反查含义:

还有非常好用的朗文字典，主要是右边栏的“Thesaurus”功能，其中有两个主要的功能栏：Thesausus和Longmanlanguage activator:

比如查important的同义词，点击Thesuasus, 弹出窗口:

其中每一个单词再点击可以出现英文解释和例句，比如significant:

Longman language activator功能更为强大，点击出现窗口，出现的单词联想分类更多:

向下拉动窗口右侧的蓝色小方块可以显示更多内容：

每一个词条也有英文解释和例句。比如点击play a leading part/role：

提高英文写作能力一定要经常练笔，每次练习时一定努力保证质量，在同义词替换方面以上工具可以有很大的帮助。

下面我们还给大家总结了45组翻译中常用的动词替换词，希望对大家有帮助。

强调

stress/emphasize/underline

象征，代表

symbolize/signify/stand for/represent

变成，改变，演变

become/transform into/change into/develop to/evolve into

考虑

consider/think about/take into account/think over

举办，举行

hold/conduct

使用，利用

use/utilize/make use of

购买

buy/purchase

认为

think/consider/hold

加强

strengthen/enhance

10.

喜欢

like/enjoy/prefer/be fond of

11.

改善，完善

improve/better/perfect

12.

促进

promote/facilitate/advance/further

13.

培养

cultivate/develop/foster

14.

开发

exploit/develop

15.

发现

find/discover/detect

16.

受益

benefit/profit

17.

超过

exceed/surpass/overtake

18.

包括

include/contain/cover

19.

增加

increase/raise/grow

20.

取得

acquire/obtain/achieve

21.

探索，搜索

explore/seek/search

22.

开展，发起

launch/start/carry out

23.

穿着

wear/dress

24.

描述

describe/depict

25.

发明,创造

invent/create

26.

生产,制造

produce/manufacture

27.

引起

bring/cause/arouse/provoke/lead to

28.

采取

adopt/apply/take

29.

禁止

ban/forbid/prohibit

30.

阻止

prevent/stop

31.

停止，暂停

stop/suspend/cease

32.

庆祝

celebrate/congratulate

33.

灌溉

irrigate

34.

装饰

decorate/adorn/paint

35.

模仿

imitate/copy/stimulate/mimic

36.

启发

inspire/enlighten

37.

建议

suggest/advise/propose

38.

提供

provide/offer/afford

39.

展现

show/reveal/display /exhibit

40.

尊敬

respect/esteem/honour

41.

种植

plant/grow/cultivate

42.

吸引

attract/draw/fascinate

43.

投资

invest/put into

44.

体验

experience/suffer/undergo

45.

传播

spread/transmit/disseminate/propagate

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