2018年AP人文地理真题解析（FR）供参考"

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第一题

分析：

此题需要结合地图来作答，考的基本都是经常提到的国家。结合国家例子分析女性的权利在政治、经济、文化等方面的现状及影响。

解答：

Afghanistan（在颜色最深的国家中任选一个即可）

Economic.（job opportunity ,economic sector 等经济相关的都可）There are not enough job opportunities. Many less developed countries are still involved in primary economic activities, women and children are seen as an economic asset, providing labor on the farm. Women do not have equal job opportunities as men.

Cultural. In many countries, girls are discouraged from gaining education, boys are more likely than girls to be high school graduates. So women may be less productive in their jobs.

Political. Long-standing legal obstacles can limits women’s participation in empowerment. There are no laws to protect the ability of women to achieve improvements in their own status-that is ,to achieve economic and political power.

从文化、政治、经济、社会等多个方面作答都可以。Empowering women within the rural agriculture regions of developing countries may promote the country to achieve a higher level of economic development. More and more women could participate in the workforce and increase the productivity.

第二题

分析：

考察的是城市结构和发展中的一个重要问题—gentrification。需要结合gentrification是什么类型的人进行的什么活动产生什么影响来作答，比如抬高房价、增加税费等。

解答：

One positive impact is that gentrification may increase the property value. The community’s social elites maintain the inner-city neighborhoods as enclaves of expensive property.

Another positive impact of gentrification is a beautiful urban neighborhood. Because gentrification could increase the taxes, the city uses the expanded tax revenue to build parks.

The first negative impact is that people with lower incomes are forced to move out of the gentrified neighborhoods because the rents in the area suddenly become too high for them.

The second negative impact is that middle and upper classes may replace low-income population and change the social character of certain neighborhoods. So the result of gentrification may lead to social conflicts.

City governments are renovating old houses specifically for lower-income families through public housing. By renting renovated the houses, a city could help to disperse low-income families throughout the city instead of concentrating them in large inner-cityneighborhoods.

第三题

分析：

考察的是 culture 章节的 popular culture ,尤其是在文化的传播扩散方面，注意区分 relocation 和 expansion（hierarchical, contagious, stimulus）.

解答：

需要回答具体的方式，比如 Film and television, Print publishing

1. Relocation diffusion means the spread of an idea through physical movement of people from one place to another.Popular culture could spread by migration. When people move,they carry with them their culture including language, religion and ethnicity.

2. Contagious diffusion is the rapid, widespread diffusion of a characteristic. Popular culture could diffuse through Internet. Web surfers throughout the world have access to the same popular material simultaneously and quickly.

3. Hierarchical diffusion is the spread of an idea from persons of authority or power to other persons or places. So new culture could diffuse from political leaders, social elite people to others.

C

One barrier is the underdevelopment of technology. Popular culture could spread quickly throughout the whole world by advanced technology. So in less developed countries, new words diffusion could face barriers for lack of wide distribution of visual media.

Another barrier is cultural belief,especially religion. Some words are forbidden to use in certain religion, this may prevent the diffusion of new words in this area.

注意：

答案不局限于上面所给的方面，符合题目要求并言之有理的都属于正确的答案。

题目来源：College Board 网站；解析：尚学明德李老师

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