Inspired by observations of imprinting, in 1969 the British psychoanalystJohn Bowlby applied ethological theory to the understanding of the relationshipbetween an infant and its parents. He argued that attachment behaviors ofbabies, such as smiling, babbling, grasping, and crying, are built-in socialsignals that encourage the parents to approach, care for, and interact with thebaby. By keeping a parent near, these behaviors help ensure that the baby willbe fed, protected from danger, and provided with the stimulation and affectionnecessary for healthy growth. The development of attachment in human infants isa lengthy process involving changes in psychological structures that lead to adeep affectional tie between parent and baby.
1. What was Darwin's contribution to ethology?
(A) Darwin improved on the original principles of ethology.
(B) Darwin was the professor who taught Lorenz and Tinbergen.
(C) Darwin's work provided the basis for ethology.
(D) Darwin was the first person to apply ethological theory tochildren.
2. The word diverse in line 6 is closest in meaning to
(A) small
【托福阅读高分|托福阅读掌握方法正确高分不再难】(B) varied
(C) wild
(D) particular
3. The word ensures in line 8 is closest in meaning to
(A) guarantees
(B) proves
(C) teaches
(D) assumes
4. According to the passage , if a mother goose is not present during thetime period when
imprinting takes place, which of the following will most likely occur?
(A) The gosling will not imprint on any object.
(B) The gosling may not find a mate when it matures.
(C) The mother will later imprint on the gosling.
(D) The gosling may imprint on another object.
5. The word it in line 12 refers to
(A) development
(B) goose
(C) time
(D) object
6. The word suitably in line 16 is closest in meaning to
(A) willingly
(B) moderately
(C) appropriately
(D) emotionally
7. The author mentions all of the following as attachment behaviors ofhuman infants EXCEPT
(A) grasping
(B) crying
(C) eating
(D) smiling
8. According to the passage , attachment behaviors of infants are intendedto
(A) get the physical, emotional and social needs of the infant met
(B) allow the infant to become imprinted on objects that resemble theparent
(C) provide the infant with a means of self-stimulation
(D) prepare the infant to cope with separation
9. The phrase affectional tie in line 30 is closest in meaning to
(A) cognitive development
(B) emotional attachment
(C) psychological need
(D) behavioral change
10. It can be inferred from the passage that ethological theory assumesthat
(A) to learn about human behavior only human subjects should be studied
(B) failure to imprint has no influence on intelligence
(C) the notion of critical periods applies only to animals
(D) there are similarities between animal and human behavior
PASSAGE 82 CBADD CCABD

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标题：托福阅读高分|托福阅读掌握方法正确高分不再难( 二 )