5.2 Database Implementation错误！未定义书签 。
5.3 Database Testing错误！未定义书签 。
6. Database Management错误！未定义书签 。
7. Conclusion错误！未定义书签 。
References4Acknowledgement6Appendix7Appendix A. Data Dictionary7Appendix B. Source Code错误！未定义书签 。
List of FiguresFigure 1. Database application lifecycle .。

13、8Figure 2. Data collection for gymnasium management database system . 12Figure 3. Data flow diagram for gymnasiums membership management .13Figure 4. Example of ER diagram .17Figure 5. Microsoft SQL Server Management Studio .24Figure 6. Report generated using Report Services in SQL Server 2005 .24Fi 。

14、gure 7. Example of creating database .25Figure 8. Example of creating table .25Figure 9. Example of creating trigger .25Figure 10. Example of creating procedure .25Figure 11. The process of Test First Development .27Figure 12. Full&Log backup strategy . 31List of TablesTable 1. Example of entity typ 。

15、es .15Table 2. Example of relationship types .15Table 3. Example of attribute list 16Table 4. Example of transaction list 18Table 5. Example of physical data model 221. IntroductionFor any organization the collection and storage of data have always been a primary concern. Large organizations nowaday 。

16、s use a database system to address this task. However, the earliest solution is a file-based system, and it is still in use in many small firms today. File-based system is a set of application programs that provides services for users to keep and process data. Each program is independent and can def 。

17、ine and manage its own data. When users need to look up some information, they go to the filing system and search from the first entry until the desired result is found. Although the file-based system can be an effective approach sometime, it does suffer from two detrimental problems: Isolation of d 。

18、ata. When stored in a file-based system, data is kept within separate files in an isolated manner. It would be a rather difficult task when users want to access relevant information from two different files. Duplication of data. Because a file-based system uses a decentralized approach to keep data, 。

19、 it will inevitably introduce the duplication of data into the system. The ensued data redundancy is a waste of resources, taking up additional storage space and increasing unnecessary costs. More importantly, it can give rise to the loss of data integrity. Unless the associated data stored in diffe 。

20、rent files can be altered together when a change in one file occurs, these data will be eventually inconsistent and errors will occur.Due to the problems of a file-based approach, a new technique emerged;
that is database and Database Management System. 2. Database Management System2.1 Database and。

21、Database Management SystemA database (DB) is a structured collection of logically related data that is stored in a computer system. The organization of data follows a particular database model so that computer programs can select desired data quickly. A database model is not only an approach of stru 。

22、cturing data;
it also defines a set of operations that can be performed on raw data to achieve data manipulation. Relational model is a most commonly used database model today. It was introduced in the 1970s as a way to “make database management systems more independent of any particular application 。

23、”1. A relational database has three key terms: relations, attributes, and domains. A relation is a table with columns and rows. A named column of a relation is an attribute of the relation, and the domain of an attribute is the set of values this attribute is allowed to take. Along with a database,。

24、a user needs a database management system to access information from the database. A Database Management System (DBMS) is a set of software programs that controls the organization, storage, management, and retrieval of data in a database. The DBMS accepts requests for data from the application progr 。

25、am and instructs the operating system to transfer the appropriate data. As a most important advantage of DBMS environment, whenever requirements of the system alter, it can be changed much easily. New categories of data can be added into the database without interference or disruption to the existin 。

26、g system. References1. Best Practices for Backup and Recovery in SQL Server 2005 (n.d.). Retrieved February 20, 2009 from p.1 2. Best Practices for Backup and Recovery in SQL Server 2005 (n.d.). Retrieved February 20, 2009 from p.33. Best Practices for Backup and Recovery in SQL Server 2005 (n.d.).。

27、Retrieved February 20, 2009 from p.4 4. Best Practices for Backup and Recovery in SQL Server 2005 (n.d.). Retrieved February 20, 2009 from p.4 5. Codd, E.F. The Relational Model for Database Management: Version 2. Addison-Wesley (1990), p. 2716. Database Assessment and Planning (n.d). Retrieved Febr 。

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标题：数据库|数据库的设计、实现和管理健身房数据库系统( 二 )