形容词的比较级和最高级 tall的比较级和最高级 _小知识

概念

比较级用于两个人或物之间的比较，表示“较……”或“更……”，标志词“than”，通常用于两者之间的比较。
最高级用于三者或三者以上的人或物之间的比较。

规则变化

1、一般直接在词尾加er;est.
tall---taller---the tallest
great---greater---the greatest
2、以字母e结尾的直接加r;st
nice---nicer---the nicest
fine---finer---the finest
3、以辅音字母加y结尾的形容词变y为i再加er;est
busy---busier---the busiest
heavy---heavier---the heaviest
4、重读闭音节结尾的单音节词，若词尾只有一个辅音字母时，须双写这个辅音字母再加er;est
big-bigger-the biggest
hot -hotter-the hottest
5、少数以-y,-er,-ow, -ble结尾的双音节词,末尾加-er,和-est(以-y结尾的词,如-y前是辅音字母,则变y为i,再加-er和-est;以-e结尾的词仍只加-r和-st)
happy—happier—happiest
clever—cleverer—cleverest

5、多音节和部分双音节词在词前加more;most
easily--more easily--most easily
beautiful--more beautiful--the most beautiful

特殊点：
（１）有些单音节词的比较等级常用more和most,如glad,fond,shy,sly(但like只可用more和most) 。
eg．I am not more glad than you.
我可没像你那样高兴。
Uncle Jack was more like a book of reference to my father.
杰克大叔对我父亲来说真是一部参考书。

（２）有些单音节词用-er和-est或more和most皆可,如free,clear等。
eg． I'm clearer/more clear about it than before.
对这事,我比以前更清楚了。

（３）有些双音节词用-er和-est或more和most皆可,在当代英语中似有多用more和most的趋势,如：secure,cruel,pretty,lively等。
eg．She looks prettier/more pretty with long hair than with short hair.
她留长发比留短发漂亮。
The patient seems a little livelier/more lively this morning.
这位病人今天早上精神似乎好些了。

（４）分词形容词的比较等级一律用more和most 。
eg．I felt more tired this morning.
今天上午我感觉比较疲倦。
Skiing is more exciting than skating.
滑雪比滑冰更激动人心。
The report is most alarming.
这个报告最为扰乱人心。

英语里有些形容词的比较等级的变化是不规则的。

good well
better best
bad ill
worse woset
many much
more most
little few
less least
far
farther farthest或further futheet
old
older oldest 或elder eldest
late
later latest 或latter last

（５）形容词前可加less和least,表示“较不”和“最不” 。
eg．Short sight is less common among the young students in this country.
近视在这个国家的青少年学生中较为少见。
The flaw in this stamp makes it less valuable.
这张邮票因为有点瑕疵,不那么值钱。
She's no less active than she used to be.
她和以往一样活跃。
He has less strength than I have.
他的力气比我小。
It is less cold than it was yesterday.
天气没有昨天那样冷。

比较级表示法

（1）“A+谓语+as+形容词原级+as+B”表示A和B同等程度。
eg.I'm not as tall as he.
我没有他高。
The march of events is as fast as we thought.
事情的发展就如我们所料的那样快。

(2)“A+谓语+形容词比较级+than+B”表示A超过B 。
eg.The first is better than the second．
第一个比第二个好。
The doctor's fees were higher than we expected.
医生的酬金比我们预计的要高。

(3)“the+比较级…,the+比较级…”表示B随着A的增长程度而平行增长,译为“越…越…” 。
eg.The busier I am,the happier I feel.
我越忙,越高兴。
The lazier you are,the poorer you will be.
你越懒,就越穷。
The more careful you are,the less mistakes you would make.
你越仔细,出错越少。
The more problems you think about,the cleverer you will become.
你考虑的问题越多,你就会越聪明。

(4)“比较级+and+比较级”表示“越来越…” 。
eg.As he got older,he became more and more fond of comfort.
随着年龄的增长,他越来越喜欢安逸。
The summer is coming,it is getting hotter and hotter.
夏天来了,天气越来越热。
Things are getting better and better.
情况一天比一天好起来。

(5)A+谓语+倍数+as+形容词原级+as+B
A+谓语+倍数+比较级+than+B