【精益生产英文】谈谈七大浪费之等待浪费今天分享的是精益生产英文

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谈谈七大浪费之等待浪费

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什么是等待浪费

等待浪费

Waiting is one of the seven wastes of lean manufacturing (or 7 mudas), it is the act of doing nothing or working slowly whilst waiting for a previous step in the process. How many times have you seen operators stood waiting for a previous operation, a delivery of products to arrive or just slowly working so as not to highlight that they have run out of materials.

等待浪费，是精益生产的七大浪费（MUDA）之一。等待浪费，指的是工序中的等待前一个步骤时无所事事或者工作慢条斯理的行为。操作人员站在那里等待前面的操作-即将到来的产品交付，或者只是慢条斯理地工作，以便不突出显示物料其实已经用完了。这样的情况，你看到过多少次？

等待浪费的成本

You pay for the time spent by all of your employees, time that they do not spend adding value while they are waiting. Waiting is not something that your customer is going to want to pay for, the cost of the time spent waiting will come direct from your profit, for every penny you can save it is a penny put straight back into your profit.

你需要为所有员工在等待时没有花在增值活动上的时间买单。顾客是不愿意为等待买单的，在等待上的时间成本将直接来自利润，因为节省每一分钱都会直接回到利润中去。

Often the time spent waiting is made up later during overtime at a premium rate, good for your employees but not so good for your profit.

等待上花费的时间，通常是以付费加班的方式来弥补的，尽管这样对员工很好，但对利润却没有丝毫好处。

03
等待浪费的产生原因

Unbalanced processes are a cause of waiting in your flow, if one process takes longer than the next then the operators will either be stood there idle waiting or they will be performing their tasks at a speed that makes it appear that they have work to complete.

工序不平衡，是工作流程中导致等待的一大原因。如果某一道工序比其下一道工序花费的时间更长，那么，操作员要么站在那里空等，要么以某个速度来完成任务，以便让他们看起来是有工作需要去完成的。

Unreliable processes also cause waiting, the next process either waiting for the previous due to breakdowns, quality issues, information, or for an overlong changeover to be completed.

不可靠的工序也会导致等待。由于故障、质量问题、信息或者超长时间的切换，下一道工序需要等待其前一道工序。

The waste of Overproduction and waste of Inventory also cause the waste of waiting, this is due to the fact that this material has to be transported (another waste) from one location to the next usually as a large batch. The material handling is often a limited resource and the processes are left waiting for the forklift truck to appear or for a neighbor to finish using the pump truck and so on.

过量生产的浪费和库存的浪费，也会导致等待浪费，这是由于物料必须从一个地点运输到另一个地点，这是实际情况，而通常物料运输都是大批量的。物料搬运，往往是一种有限的资源，而剩下的过程是等待叉车过来，或者等待邻居用完泵车，等等。

Information (or lack of it) can also cause waiting, either through unclear or missing information to conduct an operation or even through waiting to know which product is required to be run next.

信息（或者信息缺乏），也会导致等待。要么用不清晰或者丢失的信息来进行操作，要么等待去了解下面需要生产哪个产品。

下面，请看举例

Operators / Machines standing idle whilst they wait for a previous processes production to be sorted due to quality problems.

操作员无所事事/机器闲置，由于质量问题，他们需要等待前一道工序进行生产排序。

Waiting for a breakdown to be resolved.

等待解决设备故障。

Waiting for a previous process to complete a batch of material prior to movement.

等待前一道工序在移动之前做完某个批次的物料。

Waiting for the forklift truck to deliver a batch of components.

等待叉车运输一批零件。

Waiting for information from the engineering department.

等待工程部的信息。

Waiting to be told which product is required next.

等待告知所需要的下一个产品。

Operators waiting or working slowly whilst waiting for a previous operation to complete its cycle.

在等待完成上一步的操作时，操作员等待或者慢条斯理工作。

04
如何消除或者减少等待浪费
壹

Balancing of your production processes using Takt time and Yamazumi boards will help ensure that the processes are better matched with regards to cycle times.

使用节拍时间（Takt time）和操作员负荷表（YAMUMMI）来平衡生产工序，有助于确保工序与周期时间能更好地匹配。

贰

Improving machine reliability and quality using Total Productive Maintenance (TPM) and quality tools.

使用全员生产维护（TPM）和质量工具，来提高机器的可靠性和质量。

叁

Reducing overproduction and inventory to minimize transport and movement between and within cells.

减少过量生产和库存，让生产单元内的运输与移动最小化。

肆

Implement Standard Operating Procedures to ensure that standards and methods are clear.

执行标准操作程序（SOP），来确保标准和方法的清晰。

伍

Use visual methods of planning combined with daily cell meetings to ensure that everyone is clear what is required for the day.

使用可视化的规划方法和日常的生产单元会议，来确保所有人都清楚当天需要的是什么。

文章总结

Summary

Eliminate the waste of waiting and the other seven wastes to increase Profit.

我们要消除等待浪费和其他七大浪费，来提升利润。

By eliminating or reducing waiting you will improve the productivity of your workers and reduce your costs, for every dollar that you reduce your costs you will add one to your profit. The same will be true for reducing and eliminating the other seven wastes of lean.

通过消除或者减少等待，可以提高工人的生产效率，并降低成本。因为，在成本上剩下的每一美元，都会增加到利润当中去。同样，这也适用于减少和消除精益生产七大浪费中的其他浪费。