17、ourse pack is distributed as a separate product and purchased by the student directly through the college or university bookstore. Supplementary educational materials are offered by the instructor on his or her course website or are delivered in a classroom setting. Other course packs are available。

18、for use only in a learning management system (LMS). Course packs delivered through a learning management system are more like default online courses. Using tools provided in the LMS, the instructor selects the course and customizes it for delivery online.The following are examples of course pack pro 。

19、viders:WebCT Course Packs. The learning management system WebCT offers course packs consisting of a course structure and set of readings offered by publishers with a distribution agreement with WebCT. Course packs are purchased by the institution on a seat-license basis and are then customized by th 。

20、e instructor.Canadas SchoolNet. In Canada, the leading learning resources portal is probably Canadas SchoolNet. A list of resources is displayed, each with a short description and a link to an external website. SchoolNet also provides information about each site and provides an “advanced search” usi 。

21、ng metadata. Each resource in the “curriculum” area is approved by a professional “pagemaster”. For the most part, however, SchoolNet links to institutional home pages, and not to learning resources per se. Teachers using the SchoolNet service must still search through these sites in order to locate 。

22、 suitable materials. http:/www.schoolnet.ca/ MarcoPolo. MarcoPolo is a compilation of teaching resources from six educational institutions which provide free internet content for K-12 education. What the six partners have in common, and what makes this an important and interesting development in onl 。

23、ine learning, is an adherence to national curriculum and evaluation standards in the subject areas. Material is categorized by grade level and individual items are matched to individual learning topics. Despite its strengths, however, MarcoPolo is a closed project;
only the six member institutions c 。

24、ontribute content. There is no centralized search facility and no metadata listings for the resources. XanEdu. Xanedu is a learning resource site that collects articles from journals, magazines and other resource providers. Instructors may compile course packs consisting of collections of these mate 。

25、rials;
students who subscribe to XanEdu may access these course packs. The materials are sorted by category and may also be located using a search mechanism. Like MarcoPolo, however, XanEdu is a closed project. It draws materials only from selected publishers. And while it allows subscribed students 。

26、 to browse through its materials, the vast bulk of resources available on the internet cannot be found through XanEdu. Learning Object RepositoriesLearning objects are stored in databases called learning object repositories. There are two major types of repositories: those containing both the learni 。

27、ng objects and learning object metadata, and those containing metadata only. In the latter case, the learning objects themselves are located at a remote location and the repository is used as a tool to locate learning objects. In the former, the repository may be used to both locate and deliver the。

28、learning object.Most learning object repositories are stand-alone. That is, these repositories function a lot like portals in that they contain a web-based user interface, a search mechanism, and a category listing. Another major class of learning object repositories functions more like a database a 。

29、ttached to another product. An LCMS, for example, may contain a learning object repository intended for its exclusive use.Two major models for learning object repositories exist. The most common form is a centralized form in which the learning object metadata is located on a single server or website 。

30、 (the learning objects themselves may be located somewhere else). An alternative model is the distributed learning object, in which the learning object metadata is contained in a number of connected servers or websites. Distributed learning object repositories typically employ a peer-to-peer archite 。

31、cture to allow any number of servers or websites to communicate with each other.The following are examples of some learning object repositories:Merlot. Described above, Merlot is probably the most well known learning object repository. Merlot is a centralized repository containing metadata only and。

32、pointing to objects located at remote locations. It is stand-alone, acting like a portal for learning objects. In addition to providing search and categorization, Merlot provides a peer review service provided by communities of experts in different subject areas. http:/www.merlot.orgCampus Alberta R 。

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标题：Design|Design and reusability of learning objects in an academic context A new economy of education( 二 )