1、How to Translate English for Science and Technology(EST) MaterialsContentsBrief introduction of EST translation Features of EST in Vocabulary, Sentence, and Grammer and the specific translating methodsTe conclusionI.Brief introduction of EST translation1.1 what is translationTranslation, essentiall。

2、,is the faithful representation ,in on language ,of what is written or said in another language.(摘自钟述孔著 ， 英汉翻译手册（增订版）)1.2. Principles of TranslationThe main principles of translation are faithfulness, expressiveness and elegance which were first proposed by Yan Fu. The English for Science and Technolo 。

3、gy (EST) emphasizes particularly the principles of faithfulness and elegance.1.3. The Characteristics of EST Translation1.3.1The principle of EST Translation:The translation target of EST is scientific documents. The scientific materials are characterized by preciseness. So EST translation is marked 。

4、 by objectivity, standardization, distinctive feature in literary form, regular syntax. Objectivity means that the translator cannot change the original ideas, neglect the information or put own comments in the process of translation. He must translate the original into Chinese version accurately. s 。

5、tandardization means that we should always use some professional expressions like technical terms. As we know, newly created technical terms are pouring into English for science and technology. The accumulation of new words is quite important. The characteristics of EST will be discussed in followin 。

6、g chapters. 1.3.2 The Characteristic Vocabulary of EST:The most remarkable characteristic of EST is extensive use of technical terms. A great number of them come from the words used commonly in our daily life. But they have strict technical meaning in EST. EST borrows words in common use to explain。

7、the professional technical concepts.So during the translation we must pay attention to those common words.1.4 The requirements for EST translator1.4.1 lingustic prficiency: the translator must be good at both the English and Chinese. To cite a saying “ A good translator reads a foreign language but。

8、thinks in his own.” We have to bear always in mind that Chinese and English are two entirely diffenent languages, each having its own usage and idiom, its own grammar and stylistic devices,own cultural and social background.1.4.2 encyclopedic knowledge: we all know that EST is different from general 。

9、y English for it has lots of technical terms, and relates to science and technology which is not familiar to us.Only when we have encyclopedic knowledge, can we fully understand the original material.1.4.3 Having a konwledge about the features of EST Science material unlike essay ,narration,or any o 。

10、ther kind of style has its own features, which we must bear in mind. Having a grasp of the features of EST will do good to EST translation.II.Features of EST in Vocabulary,Sentence,and GrammerThe general features of EST is objective,accuracy,conciseness.In order to achieve such kind of features, the 。

11、re are some special devices such as general use of nominalization ,extensive use of the passive voice ,long and complicated sentences ,as well as more non-finite forms of verbs ,that we al should pay special attention during our translation. 2.1 Features of EST in Vocabulary,2.1.1 As we have talked。

12、before some features of vocabulary before, now let us talk about the specific translation methods of EST vocabularies.Generally, there are two methods in the translation of EST vocabularies: literal translation and free translation. The literal translation includes transplant, transliteration and pi 。

13、ctographic translation, etc. The free translation includes deduction, extension and explanation, etc. 2.1.2 General Use of NominalizationAnother striking feature of EST vocabulary is the gereral use of nominalation. Then, what is nominalizationn? In linguistics, nominalization is the use of a verb o 。

14、r an adjective as a noun, with or without morphological transformation, so that the word can now act as the head of a noun phrase. As we all know,English is static, and nouns are frequently used to replace verbs, while Chinese is dynamic, using more verbs in a single sentence.Compared with general E 。

15、nglish, noun phrases are more frequently used in EST. This is because scientific literature contains more abstract concepts such as definitions, principles, laws, conclusions, etc., and manifold modification and restriction are required to elaborate these concepts or ideas. As the semantic meaning o 。

16、f a noun phrase that consists of several words is usually complicated, the translation should go beyond the surface structure. There is a variety of nominalization ,for example:a. Lexical nominalizationFor example:计算机在数据和信息处理中的应用PC applications in data and information processing声音识别设备voice recogniti 。

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标题：How|How to Translate English for Science and Technology (EST) Materials英语毕业论文