使用钻爆法比使用大直径的TBM方法进行开挖花费少,而且更可靠 。
从两面同时进行每年的平均速度是 4.8 ? 5.0 km而大直径的TBM估计每年速度为 2.3-4.8 km Kovari et al., 1993 。
With this background in mind, this。

14、paper is intended to address the problem of TBM tunnelling in difficult ground conditions. Based on a few selected case examples, the discussion is centered upon the relatively more important or difficult ground conditions which can be listed as follows: borability limits;
instability of excavation。

15、walls;
instability of excavation face;
faut zones;
squeezing 了解此情况后,该论文试图解释在不良地质条件下使用TBM进行隧道掘进所遇到的问题 。
基于所选的几例情况,该讨论聚焦于相对重要和困难的地质情况:可挖性的限制,开挖洞壁的不稳定性,开挖掌子面的不稳定性,断层,挤压状态 。
硬岩TBM隧道掘进ROCK TBM TUNNELLINGThe practically infinity number of combinations rock, soil and environmental conditions which may be encou 。

16、ntered during tunnel excavation has determined a great difference in the types and characteristics of the available TBMsThere are many different schemes for the classification of tunnelling machines. For the example the AITES/ITA Working Group No.14 Mechnisation of Excavation is currently working on 。

17、 the definition of an internationally acceptable classification of TBMs with the purpose of establishing terminology and “terminology” for the optimum choice of the machine Table 1.在隧道进行开挖过程中,所面对的岩石,土壤和环境条件等一系列实际问题决定了所使用的TBM类型和特征的不同 。
隧道掘进机有很多不同类别 。
如AITES/ITA No.14 (开挖机械)目前被认定为国际上可接受的TBM类别,该名称用于确定术语,该术 。

18、语是适合选择的机器的意思(表1) 。
Rock tunnelling machine can be grouped in to three main categories Table2: Unshielded TBM i.e. Open TBM, Single Shielded TBM which is the way of creating new types of TBMs that are suitable for application over a wider range of geological conditions, even though the distinction betw 。

19、een TBM for rock and TBM for soft ground remains 硬岩掘进机主要分为三类(表2):无护盾TBM(例如:敞开式TBM),单护盾式TBM,该种为创新型的TBM,即便存在硬岩式和软岩式TBM,该钟却适用于多种类型地质条件 。
From the point of view of rock TBM dimensioning, it is necessary to point out that, although TBMs of more than 10 m in excavation diameter have been constructed, it is。

20、always advisable to try to limit the imum size of the tunnel and therefore that of the TBM.就TBM的尺寸来说,有必要指出一点,虽然已经采用TBM开挖过10米以上洞径的隧道,但限定洞径及TBM的直径仍是明智之举 。
As easily perceived, the reasons for limiting the tunnel diameter are: 显而易见,洞径受限的原因如下:the potential of a TBM in hard rock decreases with in increasin 。

21、g diameter Kovari et al., 1993;
Bruland. 1998;
随着洞径增大,TBM在硬岩掘进方面的潜力减弱大尺寸的TBM主要部件受技术条件的限制,例如,轴承和刀盘There are technological limits for the imum dimensions of some major TBM components, for example, the bearing and the head;
The intensities of both the instability phenomena and the induced convergence al 。

22、so increase with increasing diameter of the excavation Tseng et al., 1998;
Barla G. and Barla M., 1998. 随着开挖直径的扩大,不稳定现象的强烈程度也会随之增强 。
There already exists a positive and consolidated experience in the use of TBMs in rocks of different qualities and strengths for excavation diameters up to 12-12.5 mBeyo 。

23、nd 13.5-14 m excavation diameter, the present technology is probably not up to the level of guaranteeing a good performance of TBMs in hard rook. Designers should take into account these limits during the tunnel design phase, making use whenever possible of the advantages offered by the reduced sect 。

24、ions of the tunnel or even by considering the possibility of having other tunnel running in parallel. This is particularly true for motorway tunnel where, in some cases, it is preferable to make tripe tunnels each with two lanes for the traffic flow rathen than twin tunnels each with three lanes. In 。

25、 the case of railway tunnels, it is better to have two relatively small, single-track tunnels, rather than a large, double-track tunnel 在开挖直径达到12-12.5 m的情况下,在不同质量和强度的岩石条件下,还是有纯熟经验运用TBM进行开挖 。
然而对于超过13.5-14 m的开挖直径,就目前的技术而言,可能还达不到完满实现运用TBM进行硬岩开挖的水平 。

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