在隧道进行设计的阶段,设计者应该考虑到这些限制条件,利用各种有利条件,减小隧道断面,甚至还要考虑与其他隧道开挖平 。

26、行进行 。
特别是对于高速公路隧道而言,在某些情况下,为分流交通,最好采用三条隧道,每条隧道有两条车道,而不是采用两条隧道,每条隧道有三条车道 。
对于铁路隧道,最好采用相对小的两条单轨隧道,而不是采用大的双轨隧道 。
A great help in the use of TBMs could possibly be achieved through the standardization of the section types for road, motorway, and railway tunnels. The could favour the re-use of homogeneous cons 。

27、truction works, in addition to gaining considerable advantages in construction times and costs. As well known, the value of the TBM, in terms of direct project costs, is rekatively insignificant. Failure to achieve the desired results and maintain the time schedule, however, significantly affects th 。

28、e project. From the outset it is therefore important to adopt the approach of utilizing the best possible equipment, as far as all the aspects pertaining to the TBM, and the supporting services are concerned. Generally speaking, the most reliable machines are the simple ones as they have the least a 。

29、mount of equipment that can break down Foster, 1997. In fact, the TBM that is designed to cover all eventualities has too frequently in the past, tended to be problematic in service and produced performances below expectations 通过公路,高速公路和铁路的标准化改造,可充分发挥使用TBM的优势 。
使用TBM进行施工不仅机械可以再次应用于其他相同性质的施工条件,而且在施工时间和 。

30、成本上也有巨大优势 。
众所周知,TBM的价格,直接施工的成本相对来说都比较大 。
如果达不到预期的目的,没有按照原计划时间完成,就会极大地影响施工 。
所以,一开始尽可能使用与TBM有关各方面最好的设备及服务很重要 。
总的来说,最可靠的机器就是能被分解成尽可能少的部件的简单机器Foster, 1997. 事实上,基于经验设计的TBM在维护和生产运行过程中会频繁发生很多如下预期的事件 。
On the basis of the above considerations and recent and past experience, it is possible to establish the followin 。

31、g points regarding the selection of the type of TBM: 基于以上考虑,及最近和以前的经验,关于TBM的选型提供如下观点:- TBM the shielded TBMs have a wider range of application than the open TBMs;
更广泛地使用护盾式TBM而不是敞开式this difference in the range of application increases with in creasing diameter of excavation;
随着开挖直径的增加,使用范围更加不同open T 。

32、BMs with a double system of grippers are more sensitive to unstable ground than shield s with only system of grippers;
带有两个支撑系统的敞开式TBM比带有一个支撑系统的护盾式TBM对于不稳定围岩更敏感the wider or narrower range of application of a single shielded TBM, with respect to the double shielded one, depends on the design and dime 。

33、nsioning of the TBM and on the type of limiting situations to be faced, rather than the TBM type;
是使用单护盾还是使用双护盾的TBM,由设计情况和TBM的尺寸及面临的限定条件决定,而不是TBM的类型决定 。
the choice between a single shielded and a double shielded TBM depends on the design of the tunnel section and whether it is necessary to install a p 。

34、recast lining along the entire length of the tunnel to be constructed 单双护盾式TBM的选择由隧道断面的设计和在隧道整个施工沿线是否进行超前衬砌决定 。
It should be recalled that in a tunnelling project there are other problems which need to be solved in addition to the technical ones, i.e.: 应该想到在隧道施工中除了技术方面,还有其他问题需要解决 。
one should be reminde 。

35、d that today there are TBMs which can reduce significantly the number of geological situations which cause important problems to face advance assuming that these that these TBMs are correctly designed and utilized;
人们应该知道想到,如今的TBM可以通过合理设计和使用,规避不良地质状况所带来的重大风险 。
there still exist some limiting situation 。

36、s which can only be overcome by special interventions with unavoidable consequences on the construction time and cost of the project;
还存在一些限制的情况下,才能克服特殊干预不可避免的后果的施工时间和成本的项目;
the use of mixed shields is not a solution for overcoming the limits of TBM application in rock, except for some very special ca 。

37、ses;
in the design of TBMs for rock and in the definition of special interventions for application to a given situation;

稿源：(未知)

【傻大方】网址：/a/2021/0902/0024075053.html

标题：毕业设计外文翻译TBM在不良地质条件下的隧道掘进可编辑|毕业设计外文翻译TBM在不良地质条件下的隧道掘进（可编辑）( 三 )