机械问题经常无法估计或被忽略 。
应注意,根据规定的安全因素和与预期的耗时和成本,施工目的就是为 。

50、达到设计目标(如设计时所界定的) 。
The design has always been carried out by using a deterministic approach. Reality of construction however has never been so. This is due to the large number of uncertainties that cannot be avoided at the design stage: geological, geotechnical, hydrogeological uncertainties, differen 。

51、t types of machines available new or used , and different construction techniques Pelizza, 1998.通过使用规定的方法进行设计 。
然而施工的现实性却非如此 。
这是因为大量的不确定因素在设计阶段不可避免:地质,地质技术,水文地质的不确定,使用机器的不同类型(新的或翻新的),不同的施工技术 Pelizza, 1998.Hence, at the design stage, it is impossible to know every aspect of the geological profile. It is 。

52、 therefore necessary to decide whether to optimize the choice of the construction method or the selection of the machine for a given tunnel, on the basis of the understanding of site geology and geotechnical conditions or of the level of prediction about these conditions up to witch point are these。

53、predictions optimistic or pessimistic? 因此,在设计阶段,了解地质概况的各个方面是很重要的 。
所以,在了解工地现场地质条件和技术或对这些情况进行预测的基础上,需要决定是否选择最佳施工方法或根据给定隧道选择机器 。
On the other hand, the problem of global optimization is very complex, given the large number of geological, technological, and economic-financial variables involved. At the pre 。

54、sent time, it is becoming possible to manage, in probabilistic terms, the decision strategies for tunnelling under uncertainty conditions involving various levels of variability Einstein, 1996;
Xu et al., 1996.另一方面,做出整体的最佳选择很复杂,给定的大量地质,技术和经济条件有所不同 。
目前,在不确定条件下,概括地说还是可以确定隧道开挖方针的 。
Einstein, 1996;
Xu et a 。

55、l., 1996.The fundamental problem is always determined by the physical and geotechnical heterogeneity of the rock mass in which the tunnel is to be excavated. For a full face mechanized excavation, which is rather rigid system, the strength heterogeneity of the material to be excavated is even more i 。

56、mportant, be it a rock or soil 按常理来说,基本问题就是由隧道进行开挖时地质条件的多样性决定的 。
对于全断面机器开挖,是稳固的系统,开挖材料(岩石或土壤)强度的多样性很重要 。
Prior understanding, obtained in a correct manner, of the geological and geotechnical conditions of the site is fundamental for the development of underground works. Up to now, too little money has i 。

57、n general been spent on preliminary investigations. It has in fact been demonstrated that money spent on such investigations is greatly compensated by the savings made in terms of construction cost and time. Forward probing from a TBM driven pilot tunnel or a main tunnel is not an alternative to an。

【毕业设计外文翻译TBM在不良地质条件下的隧道掘进可编辑|毕业设计外文翻译TBM在不良地质条件下的隧道掘进（可编辑）】58、adequate pre-investigation 正确的行为就是,要初步了解工地现场的地质情况,这样为掘进工作打基础 。
总的来说,只少量花费在初步考察上 。
事实表明,花在考察上的钱已经在施工成本及时间上得到了补偿 。
TBM的引导洞和主洞都要进行充分地超前探测,而不是二者选其一 。
A considerable example of the positive effects on the performance of a TBM purposely constructed by accounting for a good understanding of geology obtained on the basis of a detailed and preventive geological investigation, is offered by the recent 1995-1997 construction in Spain Trasvase Guadiaro-Majaceite of a 12.185 kilometer long water conveyance tunnel, 4.2 m inside diameter Caste et al。

稿源：(未知)

【傻大方】网址：/a/2021/0902/0024075053.html

标题：毕业设计外文翻译TBM在不良地质条件下的隧道掘进可编辑|毕业设计外文翻译TBM在不良地质条件下的隧道掘进（可编辑）( 五 )